![]() ![]() This does not necessarily mean their hunger levels rose in 2015-the higher scores merely reflect the revision of the methodology. In the GHI reports published since 2015, almost all countries have had much higher GHI scores compared with their scores in reports published in 2014 and earlier. This change caused a major shift in the GHI scores, and the GHI Severity Scale was modified to reflect this shift. ![]() In 2015, for example, the GHI methodology was changed to include data on child stunting and wasting and to standardize the values. Moreover, the methodology for calculating GHI scores has been revised in the past and may be revised again in the future. Comparing scores between reports may create the impression that hunger has changed positively or negatively in a specific country from year to year, whereas in some cases the change may partly or fully reflect a data revision. The current and historical data on which the GHI scores are based are continually being revised and improved by the United Nations and other multilateral agencies that compile them, and each year’s GHI report reflects these changes. It is important to note that GHI scores, rankings, and indicator values are comparable only within each year’s report, not between different years’ reports, owing to revisions of the source data and methodology. In the 2022 report, India’s GHI scores can be directly compared with its GHI scores for 2000, 2007, and 2014. To track a country’s GHI performance over time, each report includes GHI scores and indicator data for three reference years. Please note: GHI scores and rankings are comparable only within each year’s report, not between different years’ reports, owing to revisions of the source data and methodology. It is important to differentiate between policy interventions and their outcomes, so that the effectiveness of government programs and other interventions in improving outcomes can be evaluated. ![]() The GHI is a measure of development outcomes in the domain of hunger. The 2022 Global Hunger Index assesses the hunger situation on a global and regional level as well as the situation in 136 countries, of which 121 had sufficient data to calculate 2022 GHI scores. This rate is higher than it was in 1998–1999, when it was 17.1 percent. At 19.3 percent-according to the latest data-India has the highest child wasting rate of all countries covered in the GHI. While child stunting has seen a significant decrease-from 54.2 percent in 1998–1999 to 35.5 percent in 2019–2021-it is still considered very high. India’s proportion of undernourished in the population is considered to be at a medium level, and its under-five child mortality rate is considered low. India’s GHI score has decreased from a 2000 GHI score of 38.8 points-considered alarming-to a 2022 GHI score of 29.1-considered serious. Since 2000, India has made substantial progress, but there are still areas of concern, particularly regarding child nutrition. ![]() There are huge opportunities for India to tackle these other aspects of hunger and undernutrition, just as it successfully tackled famine in past decades. The GHI is not just a measure of calorie deficiencies, nor is that the only aspect of hunger that is important. Taken together, the component indicators reflect deficiencies in calories as well as in micronutrients, and may result from a range of underlying factors, including household food insecurity inadequate maternal health or childcare practices or inadequate access to health services, safe water, and sanitation. In the Global Hunger Index reports, “hunger” refers to the index based on the four component indicators (undernourishment, child stunting, child wasting, and child mortality). According to the World Health Organization and UN Food and Agriculture Organization, hidden hunger occurs when the quality of food people eat does not meet their nutrient requirements, so the food is deficient in micronutrients such as the vitamins and minerals that they need for their growth and development. Hidden hunger refers to a lack of vitamins and minerals. However, hunger is not limited to a lack of calories nor is it always deadly. At its most extreme, hunger can lead to starvation and famine. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defines food deprivation, or undernourishment, as the habitual (or chronic) consumption of too few calories to provide the minimum dietary energy an individual requires to live a healthy and productive life, given that person’s sex, age, stature, and physical activity level. Hunger is usually understood to refer to the distress associated with a lack of sufficient calories. The problem of hunger is complex, and different terms are used to describe its various forms. ![]()
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